{"source":"JMdict / EDRDG, via jmdict-simplified","date":"2026-09-14","license":"CC-BY-SA-4.0","sourceURL":"https://www.edrdg.org/wiki/index.php/JMdict-EDICT_Dictionary_Project","archiveSHA256":"9263a8ba1160f4063c444f157d22909c00569ba04156b8cedb84220705cfb099","entries":[["あいじょう","愛情","love; affection"],["あいず","合図","sign; signal"],["あいそ","愛想","amiability; friendliness"],["あいてどる","相手取る","to challenge (esp. in a lawsuit); to take on an opponent (in negotiations, contest, etc.)"],["あいぼう","相棒","partner; pal"],["あいよう","愛用","favorite; favourite"],["あおい","青い","blue; azure"],["あおいろ","青色","blue"],["あおたがい","青田買い","speculatively buying a rice harvest, while the fields are still green"],["あかし","証","proof; evidence"],["あき","飽き","weariness; boredom"],["あくび","欠伸","kanji \"yawning\" radical (radical 76)"],["あけくれ","明け暮れ","morning and evening; daily routine"],["あさがた","朝方","early morning; early hours"],["あさぎり","朝霧","morning fog; morning mist"],["あしあと","足跡","footprints"],["あしがかり","足掛かり","foothold; footing"],["あずかる","預かる","to look after; to take care of"],["あそび","遊び","play; playing"],["あたりやく","当たり役","successful role"],["あっか","悪化","deterioration; getting worse"],["あて","宛","aim; object"],["あとつぎ","跡継ぎ","heir; inheritor"],["あばれる","暴れる","to act violently; to rage"],["あまい","甘い","sweet-tasting; sweet"],["あまやかす","甘やかす","to pamper; to spoil"],["あめがふる","雨が降る","to rain"],["あらい","荒い","rough; wild"],["あらいもの","洗い物","things to be washed; (dirty) dishes"],["あらわす","現わす","to represent; to signify"],["いいあらわす","言い表わす","to express (in words)"],["いいわたす","言い渡す","to announce; to tell"],["いおり","庵","hermitage; retreat"],["いきすぎ","行き過ぎ","going too far; going to extremes"],["いくせい","育成","rearing; training"],["いけん","違憲","unconstitutionality"],["いし","意志","will; volition"],["いし","意思","intention; wish"],["いしょ","遺書","note left by a dead person; suicide note"],["いしん","維新","reformation; revolution"],["いせい","異性","the opposite sex"],["いせいしゃ","為政者","statesman; administrator"],["いぞん","依存","dependence; reliance"],["いぞんしょう","依存症","dependence (on alcohol, drugs, etc.)"],["いたましい","痛ましい","pitiful; heartbreaking"],["いだく","抱く","to have (a thought or feeling); to hold"],["いちいん","一員","one person; one member"],["いちいん","一因","one cause; one reason"],["いちぐん","一軍","an army"],["いちげん","一元","single element; unitary"],["いちげんか","一元化","unification; centralization"],["いちじるしい","著しい","striking; remarkable"],["いちだん","一段","even more; still more"],["いちどう","一同","all present; all concerned"],["いちねん","一年","one year; some time ago"],["いちりづか","一里塚","milestone (1 ri apart)"],["いっかい","一階","first floor; ground floor"],["いっき","一気","one breath"],["いっきに","一気に","in one go; in one gulp"],["いっしつ","一室","one room"],["いっしゅん","一瞬","instant; moment"],["いっしん","一新","complete change; reform"],["いっそう","一掃","clean sweep; purging"],["いったい","一帯","whole area; whole region"],["いっち","一致","agreement; accord"],["いってん","一点","point; dot"],["いっとう","一等","first class; first rank"],["いっぱい","一杯","one cup (of); one glass (of)"],["いつごろ","いつ頃","about when; about what time"],["いつごろ","何時頃","about when; about what time"],["いつのまにか","何時の間にか","before one knows; before one becomes aware of"],["いとなむ","営む","to run (a business); to operate"],["いど","緯度","latitude"],["いにん","委任","entrusting; charge"],["いねむり","居眠り","nodding off (while sitting); dozing"],["いのり","祈り","prayer; supplication"],["いぶん","異文","variant (in a manuscript or book); part of a text that differs from other versions"],["いもうと","妹","younger sister"],["いやしい","卑しい","lowborn; humble"],["いる","炒る","to roast; to parch"],["いんとく","隠匿","concealment (esp. of wrongdoings or criminals); sheltering"],["いんよう","陰陽","cosmic dual forces; yin and yang"],["いんりょう","飲料","beverage; drink"],["うけとめる","受け止める","to catch; to stop the blow"],["うけとり","受け取り","receiving; receipt"],["うけみ","受け身","the defensive"],["うごかす","動かす","to move; to shift"],["うしろ","後ろ","back; behind"],["うしろむき","後ろ向き","back-facing; backwards"],["うせつ","右折","turning to the right; right turn"],["うそ","嘘","lie; fib"],["うたひめ","歌姫","songstress; diva"],["うちうち","内々","private; confidential"],["うつし","写し","copy; duplicate"],["うなる","唸る","to groan; to moan"],["うぬぼれ","自惚れ","conceit; vanity"],["うみのおや","生みの親","biological parent"],["うめしゅ","梅酒","ume liqueur; Japanese plum brandy"],["うらがえし","裏返し","inside out; upside down"],["うるおう","潤う","to become moist; to be moistened"],["うんきゅう","運休","suspension (of a transportation service); cancellation"],["えいかいわ","英会話","English conversation"],["えいせいてき","衛生的","hygienic; sanitary"],["えいり","営利","money-making; commercialized"],["えきか","液化","liquefaction"],["えりまき","襟巻き","scarf (esp. one worn for warmth); muffler"],["えんがん","沿岸","coast; shore"],["えんきょく","婉曲","euphemistic; circumlocutory"],["えんきょり","遠距離","long distance; long range"],["えんこ","円弧","arc"],["えんご","援護","support; help"],["えんざん","遠山","distant mountain"],["えんちゅう","円柱","column; shaft"],["えんぶん","塩分","salt; salt content"],["えんやす","円安","depreciation of the yen; weak yen"],["おいつく","追い付く","to catch up (with); to draw level"],["おいめ","負い目","(feeling of) indebtedness; feeling obliged"],["おう","王","king; ruler"],["おうい","王位","the throne; the crown"],["おうえん","応援","aid; assistance"],["おうか","桜花","cherry blossom"],["おうこう","横行","being rampant; being widespread"],["おうせい","旺盛","lively; vigorous"],["おうせん","横線","horizontal line"],["おうだんまく","横断幕","horizontal banner"],["おうぼ","応募","application; subscription"],["おうらい","往来","coming and going; traffic"],["おおあきない","大商い","heavy turnover (trading)"],["おおい","多い","many; numerous"],["おおえだ","大枝","large branch; bough"],["おおかみ","狼","wolf (Canis lupus)"],["おおがた","大型","large; large-sized"],["おおごえ","大声","loud voice"],["おおじだい","大時代","old-fashioned; antiquated"],["おきかえる","置き換える","to move (something) to another location; to change the position of"],["おきな","翁","old man; venerable gentleman"],["おくゆき","奥行き","depth; length"],["おくる","送る","to send; to dispatch"],["おくれ","遅れ","delay; lag"],["おしょう","和尚","master (of one's art, trade, etc.)"],["おす","推す","to recommend; to endorse (e.g. a candidate)"],["おせん","汚染","pollution; contamination"],["おそるおそる","恐る恐る","fearfully; timidly"],["おてんき","お天気","mood; temper"],["おとこのこ","男の子","boy; son"],["おとこらしい","男らしい","manly; masculine"],["おとずれ","訪れ","visit; call"],["おにごっこ","鬼ごっこ","tag (children's game); tig"],["おび","帯","obi (kimono sash)"],["おまえ","お前","before (a god, nobleman, etc.); in front of"],["おもいあがる","思い上がる","to be conceited"],["おもいだす","思い出す","to recall; to remember"],["おもいっきり","思いっきり","to one's heart's content; as much as one wants"],["おもいつく","思い付く","to think of; to hit upon"],["おもてだつ","表立つ","to become public; to become known"],["おりたたみ","折り畳み","folding; collapsible"],["おんしらず","恩知らず","ungrateful"],["かい","下位","low rank; lower position"],["かいいき","海域","area of sea; waters"],["かいいれる","買い入れる","to purchase; to buy in"],["かいぎ","懐疑","doubt; skepticism"],["かいけいし","会計士","accountant"],["かいげんれい","戒厳令","martial law"],["かいご","介護","nursing; care"],["かいさつぐち","改札口","ticket barrier; ticket gate"],["かいざい","介在","existing (between); interposition"],["かいしめ","買い占め","buying up of goods; cornering (market)"],["かいじょ","介助","help; assistance"],["かいすう","回数","number of times; frequency"],["かいだん","会談","talks (i.e. formal discussions); conference"],["かいちく","改築","structural alteration (of a building); reconstruction"],["かいてん","開店","opening a new shop"],["かいにん","解任","dismissal (from a post); discharge"],["かいもく","皆目","entirely; (not) at all"],["かいもどし","買い戻し","repurchase; redemption"],["かいもの","買物","shopping; purchased goods"],["かえりみる","顧みる","to look back on (the past); to reflect on"],["かえる","返る","to return; to come back"],["かおをだす","顔を出す","to turn up; to make an appearance"],["かかえる","抱える","to hold in one's arms; to carry in one's arms"],["かき","垣","fence; hedge"],["かき","夏期","summer term (e.g. school); summer period"],["かき","柿","kaki; Japanese persimmon (Diospyros kaki)"],["かきかた","書き方","way of writing; manner of writing"],["かきぞめ","書き初め","first calligraphy of the year"],["かきとめ","書留","(putting on) record; writing down"],["かきょう","華僑","overseas Chinese"],["かぎる","限る","to restrict; to limit"],["かく","格","status; position"],["かくしゅう","隔週","every other week; every two weeks"],["かくじっけん","核実験","nuclear (bomb) test"],["かくすう","画数","stroke count (of a kanji)"],["かくち","各地","each place; every place"],["かげ","影","shadow; silhouette"],["かげき","歌劇","opera"],["かげき","過激","extreme (measure, idea, etc.); radical"],["かこ","過去","the past; bygone days"],["かこう","下降","descent; fall"],["かさ","傘","umbrella; parasol"],["かざしも","風下","leeward; lee"],["かざりけ","飾り気","affectation; showiness"],["かし","貸し","loan; lending"],["かしだしよう","貸出用","circulation or lending (e.g. library books)"],["かしつけ","貸付","loan"],["かじつ","果実","fruit; nut"],["かする","課する","to impose (a tax, fine, etc.); to levy"],["かせん","河川","rivers"],["かたい","堅い","hard; solid"],["かたい","硬い","hard; solid"],["かたさ","固さ","firmness; hardness"],["かたさ","硬さ","firmness; hardness"],["かたづける","片付ける","to put in order; to tidy up"],["かたみち","片道","one-way (trip)"],["かたり","語り","talk; recital"],["かたん","加担","support; participation"],["かってきまま","勝手気まま","self-willed; (doing or saying things) to suit one's own convenience"],["かてん","加点","adding points"],["かとう","下等","inferior; base"],["かなしみ","悲しみ","sadness; sorrow"],["かび","華美","splendor; splendour"],["かみき","上期","first half of the (fiscal) year"],["かむ","噛む","to bite"],["からみ","絡み","linkage; entanglement"],["かりいれ","刈り入れ","harvest"],["かれ","彼","he; him"],["かれき","枯木","dead tree; withered tree"],["かろう","過労","overwork; strain"],["かわ","革","leather"],["かわぞい","川沿い","along the river; riverside"],["かんく","管区","jurisdiction"],["かんけいしゃ","関係者","person concerned; people involved (in an event)"],["かんけつ","完結","conclusion; completion"],["かんこうちょう","官公庁","government and municipal offices; public agencies"],["かんさつ","観察","observation; survey"],["かんせん","幹線","main line; trunk line"],["かんせんしょう","感染症","infectious disease; infection"],["かんたん","簡単","simple; easy"],["かんだい","寛大","tolerant; generous"],["かんつう","貫通","passing through (of a tunnel, bullet, etc.); going (right) through"],["かんばしい","芳しい","sweet-smelling; fragrant"],["かんぶん","漢文","Chinese classical writing; Chinese classics"],["かんまん","干満","ebb and flow"],["かんよう","寛容","tolerance; open-mindedness"],["がいけん","外見","outward appearance; looks"],["がいこう","外交","diplomacy"],["がいこうかん","外交官","diplomat"],["がいよう","概要","outline; summary"],["がいろん","概論","introduction; outline"],["がくめん","額面","face value; par"],["がしょう","画商","picture dealer; commercial art gallery"],["がっかいし","学会誌","academic journal"],["がっき","学期","school term; semester"],["がてん","合点","consent; assent"],["がめん","画面","screen (of a TV, computer, etc.)"],["がん","願","prayer; wish"],["がんしょう","岩礁","reef"],["がんせき","岩石","rock"],["がんそ","元祖","originator; pioneer"],["がんちく","含蓄","implication; significance"],["がんゆう","含有","containing (an ingredient, mineral, etc.)"],["きいろ","黄色","yellow; amber"],["きおうしょう","既往症","illness that one had in the past; previous illness"],["きかがく","幾何学","geometry"],["きかざる","着飾る","to dress up"],["きがえ","着替え","changing clothes; change of clothes"],["ききとり","聞き取り","listening comprehension; aural comprehension"],["ききゅう","危急","emergency; crisis"],["ききゅう","気球","balloon (hot-air, weather, etc.); blimp"],["ききん","寄金","contribution; donation"],["きぎょう","企業","enterprise; business"],["きくばり","気配り","care; attentiveness"],["きげき","喜劇","comedy"],["きこう","寄港","calling at a port"],["きこう","起工","setting to work"],["きこん","既婚","married"],["きしゅ","機種","model (of machine, device)"],["きしょう","気性","disposition; temperament"],["きじ","記事","article; news story"],["きせいふく","既製服","ready-made clothes; ready-to-wear clothes"],["きせき","軌跡","tire track"],["きそう","競う","to compete; to contend"],["きたちょうせん","北朝鮮","North Korea"],["きっちょう","吉兆","lucky omen; good omen"],["きつもん","詰問","cross-examination; close questioning"],["きばらし","気晴らし","recreation; diversion"],["きまつ","期末","end of term"],["きみ","君","monarch; ruler"],["きみがよ","君が代","Imperial reign"],["きゅう","九","nine; 9"],["きゅういん","吸引","absorption; suction"],["きゅうけい","求刑","recommended sentence; prosecution's demand for punishment"],["きゅうこう","休講","cancellation (of a lecture, class, etc.)"],["きゅうごう","糾合","rally; muster"],["きゅうじゅう","九十","ninety; 90"],["きゅうすい","給水","water supply; supplied water"],["きゅうする","休する","to come to an end"],["きゅうせい","旧姓","one's original family name; maiden name"],["きゅうせん","休戦","cease-fire; truce"],["きゅうは","旧派","old school; old style"],["きょうか","強化","strengthening; intensifying"],["きょうがく","驚愕","astonishment; amazement"],["きょうさんしゅぎ","共産主義","communism"],["きょうしゃ","強者","strong person; the strong"],["きょうしょ","教書","message (delivered by the US president or a state governor); address"],["きょうじ","教示","instruction; teaching"],["きょうそう","競走","race; run"],["きょうたい","筐体","case (of a machine, computer, etc.); casing"],["きょうち","境地","state (of mind); mental state"],["きょうと","京都","Kyoto (city, prefecture)"],["きょうめい","共鳴","sympathy (with a view, idea, etc.)"],["きょうわとう","共和党","Republican Party"],["きょく","局","bureau; department"],["きょくう","極右","far right (in politics); extreme right"],["きょくち","局地","locality; local area"],["きょしつ","居室","living room"],["きょじん","巨人","giant; great man"],["きょせい","巨星","great person; giant"],["きょひ","拒否","refusal; rejection"],["きりあげ","切り上げ","end; conclusion"],["きりん","麒麟","qilin (Chinese unicorn)"],["きをつける","気を付ける","to be careful; to pay attention"],["きんかい","近海","coastal waters; adjacent seas"],["きんがく","金額","amount of money; sum"],["きんしじこう","禁止事項","prohibited item; banned item"],["きんしん","近親","near relative"],["きんせん","金銭","money; cash"],["きんぴん","金品","money and goods"],["きんゆうしじょう","金融市場","financial market; money market"],["ぎけつ","議決","resolution; decision"],["ぎごく","疑獄","bribery scandal; graft case"],["ぎてい","義弟","brother-in-law (spouse's younger brother or younger sister's husband)"],["ぎょかい","魚介","marine products; seafood"],["ぎんがみ","銀紙","aluminum foil; aluminium foil"],["くい","悔い","regret; repentance"],["くい","杭","stake; post"],["くいさがる","食い下がる","to hang on to; to hang from"],["くうかん","空間","space; room"],["くうぐん","空軍","air force"],["くうこう","空港","airport"],["くうしゃ","空車","empty conveyance; empty taxi"],["くうはく","空白","blank space (in a document)"],["くぎ","釘","nail; spike"],["くだす","下す","to make a decision; to draw a conclusion"],["くちげんか","口喧嘩","quarrel; dispute"],["くっし","屈指","leading; foremost"],["くない","区内","in a ward; within the ward"],["くぼみ","凹み","hollow; cavity"],["くみとる","汲み取る","to draw (water); to scoop up"],["くもつ","供物","offering (e.g. to the gods); votive offering"],["くらす","暮らす","to live (on, by, etc.); to lead a life"],["くらやみ","暗闇","darkness; the dark"],["くるしみ","苦しみ","pain; anguish"],["くわばたけ","桑畑","mulberry field; mulberry plantation"],["くんし","君子","man of virtue; wise man"],["ぐうぜん","偶然","coincidence; chance"],["ぐん","郡","district; county"],["ぐんぶ","軍部","military authorities; army circles"],["ぐんぷく","軍服","military uniform"],["けいえん","敬遠","pretending to respect (someone) while in fact staying distant; keeping at arm's length"],["けいこく","渓谷","valley (with a river running through it); gorge"],["けいさつ","警察","police"],["けいしょう","継承","inheritance; succession"],["けいじ","掲示","notice; bulletin"],["けいそう","係争","dispute; contention"],["けいぞく","継続","continuation; continuance"],["けいば","競馬","horse racing"],["けいよう","掲揚","hoisting (e.g. a flag); raising"],["けがにん","けが人","wounded person; injured person"],["けっしゅう","結集","concentration (of efforts, forces, etc.); gathering together"],["けっせき","欠席","absence; non-attendance"],["けっちゃく","決着","conclusion; decision"],["けつじょ","欠如","lack; absence"],["けつじょう","欠場","absence; not taking part"],["けらい","家来","retainer; vassal"],["けわしい","険しい","precipitous; rugged"],["けん","件","matter; affair"],["けん","県","prefecture (of Japan); county (of China, Taiwan, Norway, etc.)"],["けんかい","県会","prefectural assembly"],["けんかい","見解","opinion; point of view"],["けんがい","県外","outside the prefecture"],["けんざい","建材","building material"],["けんし","剣士","swordsman; swordswoman"],["けんしょう","憲章","charter"],["けんしょう","顕彰","honouring (publicly); honoring"],["けんちじ","県知事","prefectural governor"],["けんちょう","堅調","firm (market); bullish"],["けんちょう","県庁","prefectural office"],["けんりつ","県立","prefectural; managed by a prefectural government"],["げきか","激化","intensification; aggravation"],["げきつい","撃墜","shooting down (an aircraft)"],["げきれい","激励","encouragement; spurring (on)"],["げつれい","月例","monthly"],["げんきょう","現況","present condition"],["げんざい","現在","the present; present time"],["げんしゅ","厳守","strict observance; rigid adherence"],["げんしょう","現象","phenomenon"],["げんしょく","原色","primary colour; primary color"],["げんせい","原生","primeval; primordial"],["げんたい","減退","decline; ebb"],["げんだい","現代","present age; present day"],["げんどうりょく","原動力","motive power; driving force"],["げんぶつ","現物","actual article or goods"],["げんろん","言論","(one's) speech; expression of views"],["こういん","工員","factory worker"],["こうえん","公演","public performance"],["こうおん","高温","high temperature"],["こうかい","公開","opening to the public; making available to the public"],["こうかい","更改","renewal; extension"],["こうかん","高官","high official"],["こうき","香気","fragrance"],["こうぎ","講義","lecture"],["こうぎょう","工業","(manufacturing) industry"],["こうこう","航行","cruise; navigation"],["こうこがく","考古学","archaeology; archeology"],["こうさく","工作","handicraft"],["こうざばんごう","口座番号","account number (bank, etc.)"],["こうしゃ","巧者","cleverness; skill"],["こうしゃ","校舎","school building; schoolhouse"],["こうしゅ","甲種","A-grade; first-class"],["こうしゅう","講習","short course; training"],["こうしゅうにゅう","高収入","high income"],["こうすい","降水","rainfall; precipitation"],["こうずる","講ずる","to lecture; to read aloud"],["こうせい","更生","rehabilitation; remaking one's life"],["こうせき","功績","achievement; meritorious deed"],["こうせん","交戦","war; battle"],["こうそく","梗塞","stoppage; blocking"],["こうそく","高速","high-speed; rapid"],["こうたいごう","皇太后","Empress Dowager; Queen Mother"],["こうたく","光沢","brilliance; polish"],["こうちく","構築","construction; building"],["こうてい","高低","high and low; rise and fall"],["こうとう","口頭","oral; verbal"],["こうねつ","高熱","high fever"],["こうはんせん","後半戦","second half"],["こうぶつ","鉱物","mineral"],["こうほ","候補","candidate; contender"],["こうりつ","高率","high rate"],["こうりつてき","効率的","efficient"],["こうろん","公論","public opinion; unbiased criticism"],["こえ","声","voice"],["こくさいじん","国際人","internationally minded person; cosmopolitan"],["こくじん","国人","indigenous person; inhabitant of a country"],["こくじん","黒人","black person"],["こくぜいきょく","国税局","revenue office; taxation bureau"],["こくど","国土","country; territory"],["ここ","個々","individual; one by one"],["ここのか","九日","9th day of the month"],["こころぼそい","心細い","helpless; forlorn"],["こそだて","子育て","child rearing; child raising"],["こっけい","滑稽","funny; comical"],["ことわらず","断らず","without permission"],["こども","子供","child; children"],["こどもたち","子供たち","children; kids"],["こどものころ","子供の頃","(time of) one's childhood; when one was a child"],["こどもよう","子供用","for use by children; for children"],["このへん","この辺","this area; around here"],["このむ","好む","to like; to prefer"],["こはん","湖畔","lakeside; lakeshore"],["こぶね","小舟","small boat"],["こまかいこと","細かいこと","trifles; minor details"],["こめぐら","米倉","rice granary"],["こもじ","小文字","lowercase letter"],["こもりうた","子守歌","lullaby"],["こりつ","孤立","isolation; being alone"],["こんざつ","混雑","congestion; crush"],["こんしゅう","今秋","this autumn; this fall"],["こんしゅう","今週","this week"],["こんしん","懇親","friendship; intimacy"],["こんてい","根底","root; basis"],["こんめい","混迷","turmoil; chaos"],["ごうう","豪雨","torrential rain; heavy rain"],["ごうばん","合板","veneer board; plywood"],["ごうもん","拷問","torture"],["ごく","語句","words and phrases; words"],["ごじつ","後日","in the future; another day"],["ごはん","ご飯","cooked rice"],["ごふく","呉服","cloth (for Japanese clothes); kimono fabrics"],["ごほうび","ご褒美","treat; delight"],["さい","才","... years old; age (of) ..."],["さいこ","最古","the oldest; the earliest"],["さいせん","再選","re-election; reelection"],["さいちゅう","最中","(in) the middle of; (in) the midst of"],["さいてん","祭典","festival"],["さいはん","再販","resale"],["さいばんかん","裁判官","judge"],["さかん","盛ん","prosperous; flourishing"],["さがしもの","捜し物","looking for something; searching for something"],["さき","左記","undermentioned (statement); the following"],["さぎし","詐欺師","swindler; fraudster"],["さくせい","作成","making (a report, plan, contract, etc.); drawing up"],["さくねんど","昨年度","previous year (fiscal, academic, etc.)"],["さけ","酒","alcohol; sake"],["ささえる","支える","to support; to prop"],["さす","刺す","to pierce; to stab"],["さす","射す","to shine"],["さっきょうしすう","作況指数","rice-crop index"],["さつがい","殺害","killing; murder"],["さどう","茶道","tea ceremony; Way of Tea"],["さら","皿","plate; dish"],["さんか","産科","obstetrics"],["さんこうしょ","参考書","reference book; study-aid book"],["さんじゅう","三十","thirty; 30"],["さんせん","参戦","participation in a war; going to war"],["さんぞく","山賊","bandit; brigand"],["さんちょう","山頂","summit (of a mountain)"],["さんどう","参道","road approaching a shrine"],["さんぱつ","散髪","(having a) haircut; hair-cutting"],["さんび","賛美","praise; glorification"],["さんふじんか","産婦人科","maternity and gynaecology department (gynecology)"],["さんみゃく","山脈","mountain range; mountain belt"],["ざっそう","雑草","weed"],["ざつ","雑","rough; crude"],["ざんりゅう","残留","staying behind; remaining"],["しいか","詩歌","Japanese and Chinese poetry"],["しお","塩","salt; common salt"],["しおからい","塩辛い","salty (taste); briny"],["しか","鹿","deer (esp. the sika deer, Cervus nippon); cervid"],["しかい","歯科医","dentist"],["しかくい","四角い","square; rectangular"],["しかけ","仕掛け","device; contrivance"],["しき","四季","the four seasons"],["しきしゃ","識者","well-informed person; thinking person"],["しきべつ","識別","distinction; discrimination"],["しきゅう","子宮","womb; uterus"],["しけい","死刑","death penalty; capital punishment"],["しこう","嗜好","taste; liking"],["しこう","試行","making an attempt; trial run"],["しし","獅子","lion"],["ししゃ","死者","dead person; (the) deceased"],["しじゅう","始終","continuously; from beginning to end"],["しじょう","至上","supremacy"],["しする","資する","to contribute; to play a part in"],["しずめる","静める","to quiet (a child, crowd, etc.); to quieten"],["したぎ","下着","underwear; undergarment"],["したび","下火","dying down (of a fire); waning"],["しちごさん","七五三","shichi-go-san; 7-5-3 day"],["しっそう","失踪","disappearance; running away"],["しっつい","失墜","abasement; fall"],["しっぱい","失敗","failure; mistake"],["しっぱいだん","失敗談","failure story; horror story"],["しつい","失意","disappointment; despair"],["しつぎょう","失業","unemployment"],["しつづける","し続ける","to continue to do; to persist in doing"],["しつめい","失明","loss of eyesight; loss of sight"],["しつりょう","質量","quality and quantity"],["しつれい","失礼","discourtesy; impoliteness"],["してん","支店","branch office; branch store"],["してんちょう","支店長","branch manager; manager of a branch office"],["しはいてき","支配的","dominant; ruling"],["しはいにん","支配人","manager; executive"],["しぶや","渋谷","Shibuya City (special ward of Tokyo); Shibuya"],["しまつ","始末","management; dealing with"],["しめん","誌面","page of a magazine"],["しゃか","釈迦","Gautama Buddha; Shakyamuni"],["しゃかいか","社会科","social studies (school subject)"],["しゃくほう","釈放","release; liberation"],["しゃこ","車庫","garage; carport"],["しゃこう","社交","social life; social intercourse"],["しゃしゅ","車種","car model"],["しゃたい","斜体","oblique type; slanted type"],["しゃたい","車体","body (of car); frame"],["しゃだん","遮断","isolation; cut off"],["しゅうあく","醜悪","ugly; unsightly"],["しゅうい","周囲","surroundings; environs"],["しゅうかん","週刊","weekly publication"],["しゅうきょう","宗教","religion; religious affiliation"],["しゅうせい","習性","habit"],["しゅうそ","宗祖","sect founder"],["しゅうと","州都","state capital; provincial capital"],["しゅうとめ","姑","mother-in-law"],["しゅうもん","宗門","(religious) denomination; sect"],["しゅえい","守衛","(security) guard; caretaker"],["しゅき","手記","note; memorandum"],["しゅくえき","宿駅","relay station; post station"],["しゅくじょ","淑女","lady"],["しゅざん","珠算","calculation on an abacus"],["しゅし","種子","seed; pit"],["しゅちょう","首長","head (of organization, organisation); chief"],["しゅっしんち","出身地","the place one comes from; one's birthplace"],["しゅっせい","出征","going to war; departure for the front"],["しゅってい","出廷","appearance in court"],["しゅどう","主導","leadership; initiative"],["しゅどう","手動","manual (operation)"],["しゅどうけん","主導権","hegemony; leadership"],["しゅぼう","首謀","plotting; planning (crime, intrigue)"],["しゅんき","春季","spring season"],["しゅんぶん","春分","vernal equinox; spring equinox"],["しょうえん","硝煙","gunpowder smoke"],["しょうかい","紹介","introduction; presentation"],["しょうこく","小国","small country"],["しょうさ","小差","slight difference; narrow margin"],["しょうしん","昇進","promotion; advancement"],["しょうじ","障子","shoji (paper sliding door)"],["しょうすうてん","小数点","decimal point; radix point"],["しょうせつ","小説","novel; story"],["しょうちょうてき","象徴的","symbolic; symbolical"],["しょうとつ","衝突","collision; crash"],["しょうひん","小品","short piece (of music, writing); small work (painting, sculpture, etc.)"],["しょうひん","賞品","prize; trophy"],["しょうめつ","消滅","extinction; extinguishment"],["しょうらいぞう","将来像","vision of the future"],["しょうりゃく","省略","omission; leaving out"],["しょうろく","抄録","quotation; abstract"],["しょかつ","所轄","jurisdiction"],["しょかん","所管","jurisdiction"],["しょくえん","食塩","table salt"],["しょくのう","職能","occupational ability"],["しょざい","所在","location (of); position"],["しょっかんほう","食管法","law governing food quality"],["しょにんきゅう","初任給","initial salary; starting salary"],["しょはん","初版","first edition"],["しょゆうしゃ","所有者","owner"],["しよう","仕様","way; method"],["しようしゃ","使用者","user; consumer"],["しれい","指令","order; directive"],["しれいかん","司令官","commandant; commanding officer"],["しろ","白","white"],["しろじ","白地","white background"],["しん","芯","wick; marrow"],["しんかい","深海","deep sea; depths of the sea"],["しんがく","神学","theology; divinity"],["しんきゅう","新旧","new and old; incoming and outgoing"],["しんぎ","真偽","truth or falsehood; genuineness"],["しんこう","振興","promotion; encouragement"],["しんこう","新興","rising; developing"],["しんごう","信号","signal; signalling"],["しんし","真摯","sincere; earnest"],["しんしゅく","伸縮","expansion and contraction; elasticity"],["しんしょく","侵食","encroachment; invasion"],["しんずい","神髄","essence; quintessence"],["しんせい","新政","new government; new administration"],["しんせつ","新設","establishing; founding"],["しんぜん","親善","friendship; goodwill"],["しんと","信徒","layman; believer"],["しんとう","浸透","permeation (of thought, ideology, culture, etc.); infiltration (e.g. of ideas)"],["しんどう","振動","oscillation; vibration"],["しんにち","親日","pro-Japanese"],["しんぶんしゃ","新聞社","newspaper company"],["しんぷ","神父","Catholic priest; abbe"],["しんまい","新米","new rice; first rice crop of the year"],["しんみょう","神妙","meek; quiet"],["しんり","真理","truth"],["しんりがく","心理学","psychology"],["しんりゃく","侵略","invasion (e.g. of a country); raid"],["しんりょく","新緑","fresh verdure; new green leaves"],["じい","侍医","court physician"],["じえい","自衛","self-defense; self-defence"],["じがぞう","自画像","self-portrait"],["じき","時期","time; season"],["じきゅう","時給","hourly pay; hourly wage"],["じこくひょう","時刻表","timetable; schedule"],["じこしほん","自己資本","net worth; owned capital"],["じさく","自作","one's own work; making by oneself"],["じじょ","侍女","lady attendant; female servant"],["じじょう","事情","circumstances; conditions"],["じすい","自炊","cooking for oneself; cooking one's own food"],["じぜん","事前","prior; beforehand"],["じたく","自宅","one's home; one's house"],["じっか","実家","(one's parents') home"],["じつじょう","実情","real condition; actual circumstances"],["じつだん","実弾","real bullet; live ammunition"],["じつめい","実名","real name"],["じてんしゃ","自転車","bicycle; bike"],["じばん","地盤","ground; crust (earth)"],["じほう","時報","announcement of time; time signal"],["じまん","自慢","pride (in one's achievements, possessions, etc.); self-praise"],["じみ","地味","plain; simple"],["じむいん","事務員","clerk; office worker"],["じむかん","事務官","administrative official; secretary"],["じもと","地元","home area; home town"],["じゃり","砂利","gravel; ballast"],["じゅういち","十一","eleven; 11"],["じゅうがつ","十月","October"],["じゅうし","十四","fourteen; 14"],["じゅうそう","重層","multistoried; multilayered"],["じゅうそく","充足","sufficiency"],["じゅうたい","重体","serious condition; critical condition"],["じゅうとう","充当","allocation; appropriation"],["じゅうにぶん","十二分","more than enough; more than ample"],["じゅうよっか","十四日","14th day of the month"],["じゅうりょう","重量","weight"],["じゅくすい","熟睡","deep sleep; sound sleep"],["じゅしょう","受章","reception of a decoration; reception of an order"],["じゅたい","受胎","conception; fertilization"],["じゅわき","受話器","(telephone) receiver"],["じゅん","順","order; turn"],["じゅんなん","殉難","martyrdom"],["じゅんのう","順応","adaptation; accommodation"],["じょうい","上位","superior (in rank); top"],["じょうき","上記","above-mentioned; above-named"],["じょうきゅう","上級","upper level; upper grade"],["じょうし","上司","(one's) superior; (one's) boss"],["じょうしょう","上昇","rising; ascending"],["じょうじゅん","上旬","first third of a month; first ten days of a month"],["じょうじる","乗じる","to take advantage of; to follow blindly"],["じょうぞう","醸造","brewing"],["じょうひん","上品","elegant; refined"],["じょうよきん","剰余金","surplus; balance"],["じょうりゅう","上流","upper stream; upper course"],["じょえん","助演","supporting performance; playing a supporting role"],["じょこう","徐行","going slowly (esp. to enable a vehicle to stop immediately); going at a reduced speed"],["じょせつ","序説","introduction"],["じょゆう","女優","actress; female actor"],["じん","人","-ian (e.g. Italian); -ite (e.g. Tokyoite)"],["じんい","人為","human work; human agency"],["じんえい","陣営","camp (supporters of a doctrine, party, etc.); faction (of a party)"],["じんこう","人口","population"],["じんざい","人材","capable person; talented person"],["じんせいかん","人生観","one's view of life; attitude toward life"],["じんとう","陣頭","head of an army"],["じんどう","人道","humanity"],["じんるいがく","人類学","anthropology"],["すいけい","推計","estimate; estimation"],["すいけい","水系","water system; river system"],["すいさいが","水彩画","watercolor painting; watercolour painting"],["すいじゃく","衰弱","weakness; debility"],["すいどう","水道","water supply; water service"],["すいようせい","水溶性","water-soluble"],["すう","吸う","to breathe in; to inhale"],["すうじつ","数日","few days"],["すくう","救う","to rescue (someone); to save"],["すこしも","少しも","(not) at all; (not) a bit"],["すごす","過ごす","to spend (time); to pass"],["すじちがい","筋違い","cramp; sprain"],["すそ","裾","hem; (trouser) cuff"],["すてる","捨てる","to throw away; to cast away"],["すなお","素直","obedient; meek"],["すます","済ます","to finish; to get it over with"],["すんだん","寸断","cutting to pieces; tearing to pieces"],["ずひょう","図表","chart; diagram"],["せい","姓","surname; family name"],["せい","正","(logical) true; regular"],["せいあん","成案","definite plan"],["せいえん","声援","(shout of) encouragement; cheering"],["せいか","生家","house where one was born"],["せいかがく","生化学","biochemistry"],["せいかく","性格","character (of a person); personality"],["せいかん","静観","watchful waiting; careful supervision"],["せいきゅうけん","請求権","claim rights"],["せいけい","生計","livelihood; living"],["せいけん","政権","(political) administration; political power"],["せいこう","性行","character and conduct"],["せいご","生後","post-natal; since birth"],["せいさい","制裁","sanctions; punishment"],["せいさん","成算","hope of success; prospects of success"],["せいさんせい","生産性","productivity"],["せいざ","星座","constellation"],["せいし","製紙","papermaking; paper manufacture"],["せいじょうか","正常化","normalization; normalisation"],["せいじりょく","政治力","political strength"],["せいそう","正装","full dress; formal dress"],["せいほう","製法","manufacturing method; recipe"],["せいようじん","西洋人","Western person; Westerner"],["せいり","生理","physiology"],["せいりつ","成立","formation; establishment"],["せかいかん","世界観","worldview; outlook on the world"],["せきざい","石材","(building) stone"],["せしゅう","世襲","heredity; heritage"],["せっき","石器","stone implement (e.g. stone age arrowheads); stone tool"],["せっけい","雪渓","snowy valley"],["せっしょく","接触","touch; contact"],["せっぷく","切腹","seppuku; harakiri"],["せなか","背中","back (of the body)"],["せめ","攻め","attack; offence"],["せん","栓","stopper; cork"],["せんえん","１０００円","1000 yen"],["せんかん","戦艦","battleship"],["せんきょせん","選挙戦","election campaign"],["せんきょにん","選挙人","voter; constituent"],["せんしゅ","選手","player (of a sport); athlete"],["せんしゅむら","選手村","Olympic village; athlete's village"],["せんす","扇子","folding fan"],["せんすい","泉水","garden pond; miniature lake"],["せんせい","専制","despotism; autocracy"],["せんぞく","専属","exclusive; attached to"],["せんたくかもく","選択科目","elective subject or course"],["せんち","戦地","front (in battle)"],["せんちゅう","戦中","during the war"],["せんちょう","船長","ship's captain; skipper"],["せんとう","銭湯","public bath; bathhouse"],["せんとうき","戦闘機","fighter (aircraft)"],["せんどう","先導","guidance; leadership"],["せんぱい","先輩","senior (at school, work, etc.); superior"],["せんぽう","戦法","tactics; strategy"],["せんもん","専門","speciality; specialty"],["せんよう","専用","(one's) exclusive use; private use"],["せんれん","洗練","refinement; polish"],["ぜいびき","税引き","after (deduction of) tax; after-tax (income or profits)"],["ぜっこう","絶交","breaking off a relationship; permanent breach of friendship"],["ぜつえん","絶縁","breaking off relations (with); severing one's connections (with)"],["ぜつだい","絶大","tremendous; immense"],["ぜひとも","是非とも","by all means; at all costs"],["ぜん","前","last (i.e. immediately preceding); previous"],["ぜんいん","全員","all members; all hands"],["ぜんがく","全額","total; full amount"],["ぜんき","前期","first term; first half-year"],["ぜんしん","漸進","gradual progress; steady advance"],["ぜんじつ","全日","all days"],["ぜんせん","全線","the whole (railway) line; the entire (bus) route"],["ぜんてん","全点","all items; all parts"],["ぜんでら","禅寺","Zen temple"],["ぜんぽう","前方","ahead; forward"],["そうあん","草案","draft (for a speech, bill, etc.)"],["そうさく","捜索","search (esp. for someone or something missing); manhunt"],["そうじしょく","総辞職","mass resignation (of officeholders); collective resignation"],["そうそう","早々","as soon as ...; just after ..."],["そうちょう","早朝","early morning"],["そうび","装備","equipment"],["そうり","総理","leading; overseeing"],["そうりだいじん","総理大臣","prime minister (as the head of a cabinet government); premier"],["そえる","添える","to garnish; to accompany (as a card does a gift)"],["そしき","組織","organization; organisation"],["そなえる","備える","to furnish with; to equip with"],["そのなか","その中","wherein; therein"],["そばや","蕎麦屋","soba restaurant"],["そぼく","素朴","simple; artless"],["そんしつ","損失","loss (of assets, profit, etc.)"],["そんぱい","存廃","maintenance or abolition (of a system, institution, etc.); existence"],["ぞうがく","増額","increase (in an amount of money)"],["ぞうげ","象牙","ivory"],["ぞうすい","増水","rising water (of river, lake, etc.); swelling water"],["ぞうに","雑煮","soup containing rice cakes and vegetables (New Year's dish)"],["ぞうよ","贈与","donation; presentation"],["たいかん","退官","retirement from office"],["たいがん","対岸","opposite shore"],["たいき","大気","atmosphere; air"],["たいさ","大差","great difference; big difference"],["たいさく","対策","measure; step"],["たいざん","大山","great mountain; large mountain"],["たいじょう","退場","leaving (a hall, meeting, stadium, etc.); exit"],["たいじん","退陣","resignation; stepping down"],["たいにち","対日","toward Japan; with Japan"],["たいはん","大半","majority; more than half"],["たいへいよう","太平洋","Pacific Ocean"],["たいべい","対米","relating to the USA; toward America"],["たいほ","逮捕","arrest; apprehension"],["たいめん","対面","meeting face-to-face; seeing in person"],["たいろん","対論","arguing face to face"],["たからもの","宝物","treasure; treasured item"],["たきがわ","滝川","rapids"],["たくち","宅地","building lot; residential land"],["たさい","多才","talented"],["たすかる","助かる","to be saved; to be rescued"],["たすけあう","助け合う","to help each other; to cooperate"],["たずねる","尋ねる","to ask; to enquire"],["たせん","他薦","recommendation (by others)"],["たたずむ","佇む","to stand still (for a while); to remain in one place"],["たちさる","立ち去る","to leave; to depart"],["たちば","立場","position; situation"],["たちよみ","立ち読み","reading while standing (in a bookstore, etc.); browsing (i.e. reading an item but not buying it)"],["たっしゃ","達者","in good health; healthy"],["たてる","建てる","to build; to construct"],["たにま","谷間","valley; ravine"],["たのむ","頼む","to request; to beg"],["たび","度","time (three times, each time, etc.); times"],["たび","足袋","tabi; traditional split-toe socks"],["たびだつ","旅立つ","to begin a trip; to depart"],["たべる","食べる","to eat"],["たぼう","多忙","being very busy; busyness"],["たまご","玉子","(hen's) egg"],["たみ","民","people; citizens"],["ためし","試し","trial; test"],["ためん","多面","many-sided; multifaceted"],["たやす","絶やす","to exterminate; to eradicate"],["たようせい","多様性","diversity; variety"],["たんい","単位","unit (e.g. meters, grams, etc.); denomination"],["たんき","短気","short temper; quick temper"],["たんご","単語","word; vocabulary"],["たんじゅう","短銃","pistol"],["たんじゅん","単純","simple; plain"],["たんすう","単数","single; one"],["たんせい","丹精","working earnestly; sincerity"],["たんせい","丹誠","working earnestly; sincerity"],["たんぺん","短編","short story; short film"],["だいがく","大学","university; college"],["だいぎ","代議","representing others in a conference"],["だいたい","大隊","battalion"],["だいだいいろ","橙色","orange (color, colour)"],["だいとし","大都市","metropolis; large city"],["だいめ","代目","nth generation; nth (person to occupy a position, e.g. president)"],["だえん","楕円","ellipse; oval"],["だきょう","妥協","compromise; giving in"],["だけつ","妥結","settlement; an agreement"],["だは","打破","breaking down; defeating"],["だれにも","誰にも","to anyone; to everyone"],["だん","壇","platform; podium"],["だんけつ","団結","unity; union"],["だんぞく","断続","intermittence; being intermittent"],["だんやく","弾薬","ammunition; ammo"],["だんろ","暖炉","fireplace; hearth"],["ちかい","誓い","oath; vow"],["ちかく","地殻","(Earth's) crust"],["ちかよせる","近寄せる","to bring close; to bring near"],["ちく","地区","district; area"],["ちくでんち","蓄電池","storage battery"],["ちくりん","竹林","bamboo thicket; bamboo grove"],["ちしき","知識","knowledge; information"],["ちしつ","地質","geological features"],["ちず","地図","map; atlas"],["ちほうじち","地方自治","local (governmental) autonomy"],["ちゃくじつ","着実","steady; sound"],["ちゅう","中","medium (size); average (grade, level, etc.)"],["ちゅうかい","仲介","agency; intermediation"],["ちゅうぎ","忠義","loyalty; devotion"],["ちゅうしゅつ","抽出","extraction; abstraction"],["ちゅうぼう","厨房","kitchen; galley"],["ちゅうわ","中和","neutralization (e.g. of a poison); counteraction"],["ちょうきょう","調教","training (animals); breaking (animals)"],["ちょうさ","調査","investigation; examination"],["ちょうしゅう","聴衆","audience; attendance"],["ちょうでんどう","超伝導","superconductivity; super-conductivity"],["ちょうみりょう","調味料","seasoning; flavoring"],["ちょうりゅう","潮流","tide; tidal current"],["ちょく","直","direct"],["ちょくめん","直面","confrontation"],["ちょっかく","直角","right angle"],["ちょっこうびん","直行便","non-stop flight; direct flight"],["ちり","塵","dust; small debris (e.g. dirt, crumbs)"],["ちんぎん","賃金","wages; pay"],["ついきゅう","追究","thorough investigation; close inquiry"],["ついげき","追撃","pursuit (of a fleeing enemy); chase"],["ついほう","追放","exile; banishment"],["つうか","通貨","currency"],["つうじ","通じ","(bowel) movement; evacuation"],["つうじる","通じる","to be open (to traffic); to lead (to)"],["つうねん","通年","all year; year round"],["つかいかた","使い方","way of using (something); way to use"],["つかいすて","使い捨て","throwaway; disposable"],["つかさどる","司る","to be in charge of; to manage"],["つかのま","束の間","moment; brief space of time"],["つきさす","突き刺す","to stab; to stick"],["つきぬける","突き抜ける","to pierce through; to break through"],["つきひ","月日","time; years"],["つきみ","月見","moon viewing (esp. during the eight month of the lunar calendar)"],["つぎつぎに","次々に","one by one; one after another"],["つくりばなし","作り話","fiction; made-up story"],["つごう","都合","circumstances; condition"],["つなわたり","綱渡り","tightrope walking; high-wire act"],["つね","常","usual state of things"],["つぶれる","潰れる","to be crushed; to be squashed"],["つぼ","坪","tsubo; traditional unit of land area, approx. 3.3 square meters"],["つみこむ","積み込む","to load (with goods, cargo); to put on board"],["つめきり","爪切り","nail clippers"],["つゆいり","梅雨入り","entering the rainy season; beginning of the rainy season"],["つらねる","連ねる","to line up; to put in a row"],["つれ","連れ","companion; company"],["てあて","手当","salary; pay"],["てあらい","手洗い","washing one's hands; water (or basin, etc.) for washing one's hands"],["ていきてき","定期的","periodic; regular"],["ていきょうしゃ","提供者","donor; contributor"],["ていとう","抵当","mortgage; security"],["ていない","邸内","grounds; premises"],["ていり","低利","low interest rate"],["ていりょうきん","低料金","low rates"],["ていれ","手入れ","care; looking after"],["てがた","手形","handprint"],["てがみ","手紙","letter; note"],["てきい","敵意","hostility; animosity"],["てきとう","適当","suitable; proper"],["てきりょう","適量","proper quantity; suitable amount"],["てきれいき","適齢期","suitable age (esp. for marriage); marriageable age"],["てぐち","手口","modus operandi; criminal technique"],["てごたえ","手応え","feeling in the hands (when striking, poking, etc.); (feeling of) resistance"],["てごろ","手ごろ","handy; convenient"],["てさぐり","手探り","fumbling; groping"],["てだて","手立て","means; method"],["てっきん","鉄筋","rebar; (iron) reinforcing bar"],["てつどう","鉄道","railroad; railway"],["てつぼう","鉄棒","iron rod; iron bar"],["てつや","徹夜","staying up all night"],["てぬき","手抜き","omitting crucial steps; cutting corners"],["てる","照る","to shine"],["てん","店","store; shop"],["てんかん","転換","conversion; diversion"],["てんけい","典型","type; pattern"],["てんさい","天災","natural disaster; natural calamity"],["てんたい","天体","heavenly body; celestial body"],["てんぽ","店舗","shop; store"],["でしいり","弟子入り","becoming a pupil (of); becoming an apprentice"],["でんこう","電光","lightning"],["でんしゃ","電車","train; electric train"],["でんじしゃく","電磁石","electromagnet"],["でんち","電池","battery; cell"],["でんとうてき","伝統的","traditional; customary"],["とうか","等価","equivalence; equal value"],["とうき","投棄","abandonment; giving up"],["とうきゅう","投球","pitching; throwing a ball"],["とうきょう","東京","Tokyo"],["とうけい","東経","east longitude"],["とうげ","峠","(mountain) pass; highest point on a mountain road"],["とうこう","投降","surrender"],["とうしん","等身","body proportions"],["とうじしゃ","当事者","person concerned; interested party"],["とうじょう","搭乗","embarkation; boarding (a ship or aircraft)"],["とうち","倒置","turning upside down"],["とうち","統治","rule; reign"],["とうとい","貴い","precious; valuable"],["とうひょう","投票","voting; ballot"],["とうぶん","糖分","amount of sugar; sugar content"],["とうよう","登用","appointment; assignment"],["とえい","都営","(under) metropolitan government management"],["とおざかる","遠ざかる","to go away; to become more distant"],["とがめる","咎める","to blame; to reproach"],["とき","時","time; hour"],["ときとして","時として","in some cases; sometimes"],["とく","溶く","to mix (e.g. water with flour); to dissolve (salt in water, paint, etc.)"],["とくとく","得々","triumphantly; proudly"],["とぐち","戸口","door; doorway"],["とげ","刺","thorn; spine"],["としした","年下","younger; junior"],["とたん","途端","just (now, at the moment, etc.); just as"],["とちゅう","途中","on the way; en route"],["とっきゅう","特急","great hurry"],["とっきょ","特許","patent"],["とっくん","特訓","special training; intensive training"],["とどけで","届け出","report; notification"],["とめる","止める","to stop; to turn off"],["とらい","渡来","visit (from abroad)"],["とりい","鳥居","torii (Shinto shrine archway)"],["とりかえす","取り返す","to get back; to regain"],["とりけし","取り消し","cancellation; withdrawal"],["とりしまりやく","取締役","company director; board member"],["とりしらべ","取調べ","investigation (e.g. by police or prosecutors); examination"],["とりつぎ","取次ぎ","agency; agent"],["とりまとめる","取りまとめる","to collect; to gather"],["とろう","徒労","fruitless effort; wasted effort"],["どあい","度合い","degree; extent"],["どう","同","the same; the said"],["どうが","動画","video (esp. digital); video clip"],["どうきゅう","同級","the same grade; same class"],["どうぎょう","同業","same trade; same business"],["どうくつ","洞窟","cave; cavern"],["どうこう","同好","similar tastes"],["どうざん","銅山","copper mine"],["どうしん","童心","child's mind; childlike innocence"],["どうぶつ","動物","animal"],["どうみゃく","動脈","arterial road; major route"],["どくしょ","読書","reading (books)"],["どくそう","独走","running alone; running solo"],["どくだん","独断","one's own judgement (judgment); decision made without consulting others"],["どて","土手","embankment; bank"],["ないき","内規","private regulations; bylaws"],["ないぶ","内部","interior; inside"],["なおし","直し","correction; rectification"],["なかでも","中でも","among (other things); especially"],["なかにわ","中庭","courtyard; quadrangle"],["ながうた","長唄","long epic song with shamisen accompaniment (developed in Edo in the early 17th century)"],["なぎさ","渚","water's edge; beach"],["なぐりこみ","殴り込み","raid; attack"],["なげき","嘆き","grief; lamentation"],["なげこむ","投げ込む","to throw into"],["なげる","投げる","to throw; to hurl"],["なつかしむ","懐かしむ","to yearn (for); to miss"],["なでる","撫でる","to stroke; to caress"],["ななつ","七つ","seven"],["なまける","怠ける","to be lazy; to be idle"],["なまなましい","生々しい","vivid (memory, description, etc.); fresh"],["なみ","並","average; medium"],["なみ","波","wave; billow"],["なやます","悩ます","to afflict; to torment"],["なれる","慣れる","to get used to; to grow accustomed to"],["なんい","難易","(relative) difficulty"],["なんかい","南海","southern sea"],["なんきょく","難局","difficult situation"],["なんしき","軟式","soft (esp. of softball, tennis, etc.)"],["なんだい","難題","difficult problem; challenge"],["なんてん","難点","fault; weakness"],["にあう","似合う","to suit; to match"],["にいさん","兄さん","brother (as older-brother figure in friendly and or work relationship)"],["におう","匂う","to be fragrant; to smell (good)"],["にがおえ","似顔絵","portrait; likeness"],["にぎる","握る","to clasp; to grasp"],["にげ","逃げ","escape; getaway"],["にげる","逃げる","to run away; to flee"],["にごう","二号","number two"],["にさいして","に際して","on the occasion of; at the time of"],["にだい","荷台","(truck) load-carrying tray; (bicycle) luggage carrier"],["にちじょう","日常","everyday; daily"],["にっか","日課","daily routine; daily work"],["にっちゅう","日中","daytime; during the day"],["にっぽん","日本","Japan"],["にぶる","鈍る","to become blunt; to grow dull"],["にほんせい","日本製","made in Japan; Japanese-made"],["にゅういん","入院","hospitalization; hospitalisation"],["にゅうこう","入港","entry into port; arriving in harbor"],["にゅうこく","入国","entry into a country"],["にりゅう","二流","second-rate; inferior"],["にわ","庭","garden; yard"],["にんき","人気","popularity; public favor"],["にんきのある","人気のある","popular"],["にんげんせい","人間性","humanity; human nature"],["にんしょう","認証","certification; attestation"],["にんむ","任務","duty; function"],["ぬく","抜く","to pull out; to draw out"],["ぬすむ","盗む","to steal"],["ぬる","塗る","to paint; to spread"],["ねいろ","音色","tone color; tone colour"],["ねえさん","姉さん","young lady"],["ねがい","願い","desire; wish"],["ねっきょう","熱狂","wild enthusiasm; being crazy about"],["ねっせん","熱戦","fierce fight; close contest"],["ねんごう","年号","name of an imperial era (e.g. Heisei, Shōwa); Japanese era name"],["ねんさん","年産","annual production"],["ねんだい","年代","age; era"],["ねんりつ","年率","annual rate (of interest)"],["のうさん","農産","agricultural products"],["のうじょう","農場","farm (agriculture)"],["のうそん","農村","agricultural community; farm village"],["のうにゅう","納入","payment (of taxes, fees, etc.)"],["のうは","脳波","brain waves"],["のうめん","能面","noh mask"],["のきなみ","軒並み","row of houses"],["のこす","残す","to leave (behind)"],["のっとる","乗っ取る","to take possession of (forcibly); to take over (a company, account, etc.)"],["のびる","伸びる","to stretch; to extend"],["のぼりざか","上り坂","ascent; uphill"],["のぼる","上る","to ascend; to go up"],["のぼる","昇る","to ascend (as a natural process, e.g. the Sun); to rise"],["のりおくれる","乗り遅れる","to miss (a train, bus, etc.)"],["のりきる","乗り切る","to weather (a storm, rough seas); to ride across"],["はいきゅう","配給","distribution (e.g. films, rice)"],["はいごう","配合","combination; arrangement"],["はいとう","配当","allotment; apportionment"],["はいにん","背任","breach of trust; malfeasance"],["はいふ","配布","distribution"],["はいやく","配役","casting (of a play, film, etc.); cast"],["はいる","入る","to enter; to come in"],["はう","這う","to crawl; to creep"],["はえる","映える","to shine; to glow"],["はきふるし","履き古し","worn-out shoes; worn-out socks"],["はくせん","白線","white line"],["はこぶ","運ぶ","to carry; to transport"],["はしゃ","覇者","supreme ruler; conqueror"],["はじまる","始まる","to begin; to start"],["はじめ","始め","beginning; start"],["はじめに","初めに","first; firstly"],["はずかしい","恥ずかしい","embarrassing; embarrassed"],["はずれる","外れる","to be disconnected; to get out of place"],["はちがつ","八月","August"],["はちがつ","８月","August"],["はっしゃ","発車","departure (of a train, car, etc.); starting"],["はっちょう","八丁","skillfulness"],["はつげん","発言","statement; remark"],["はつでん","発電","generation of electricity; power generation"],["はつねつ","発熱","generation of heat"],["はなぞの","花園","flower garden"],["はね","羽","feather; plume"],["はねあがる","跳ね上がる","to jump up; to spring up"],["はねる","跳ねる","to jump; to leap"],["はばひろ","幅広","wide (esp. of clothing); broad"],["はま","浜","beach; seashore"],["はむかう","歯向かう","to strike back at; to bite back"],["はやばや","早々","early; quickly"],["はりだす","張り出す","to project; to overhang"],["はんき","反旗","standard of revolt; banner of rebellion"],["はんきょう","反共","anticommunism"],["はんこう","反抗","opposition; resistance"],["はんそで","半袖","short sleeves"],["はんだん","判断","judgment; judgement"],["はんにち","半日","half day"],["はんらん","氾濫","overflowing; flood"],["ばあい","場合","case; occasion"],["ばいきん","ばい菌","germ; germs"],["ばからしい","馬鹿らしい","absurd; foolish"],["ばっそく","罰則","punishment; penalty"],["ばんち","番地","lot number; house number"],["ひかり","光","light"],["ひかりかがやく","光り輝く","to shine; to glitter"],["ひがえり","日帰り","day trip"],["ひがし","東","east"],["ひがしぐち","東口","east entrance; east exit"],["ひきつぎ","引継ぎ","taking over; handing over"],["ひきとり","引き取り","taking; accepting"],["ひきとる","引き取る","to take into one's possession; to receive"],["ひく","引く","to pull; to tug"],["ひこうき","飛行機","airplane; aeroplane"],["ひじょう","非常","emergency"],["ひそう","悲壮","tragic but brave; heroic"],["ひだりうえ","左上","upper left"],["ひだりうで","左腕","left arm"],["ひっかかる","引っかかる","to be caught in; to be stuck in"],["ひつじゅひん","必需品","necessities; necessary article"],["ひつどく","必読","must-read; required reading"],["ひといちばい","人一倍","(much) more than others; exceedingly"],["ひとごみ","人ごみ","crowd of people"],["ひととおり","一通り","generally; in the main"],["ひとまく","一幕","one act (of a play)"],["ひとり","１人","one person"],["ひとりっこ","一人っ子","(an) only child"],["ひとりで","一人で","alone; by oneself"],["ひとりで","独りで","alone; by oneself"],["ひなた","日向","sunny place; in the sun"],["ひなまつり","ひな祭り","Hinamatsuri (March 3); Hina Matsuri"],["ひなん","非難","criticism; blame"],["ひにく","皮肉","irony; sarcasm"],["ひびく","響く","to resound; to be heard far away"],["ひほけんしゃ","被保険者","insured person"],["ひめ","姫","young lady of noble birth; princess (esp. in Western contexts, tales, etc.)"],["ひやかす","冷やかす","to banter; to make fun of"],["ひやす","冷やす","to cool; to chill"],["ひょうじゅんご","標準語","standard language (used in government, education, etc.)"],["ひょうじょう","表情","facial expression; countenance"],["ひょうでん","評伝","critical biography"],["ひる","干る","to dry (up); to become parched"],["ひるまえ","昼前","morning; forenoon"],["ひろがる","広がる","to spread (out); to extend"],["ひろげる","広げる","to spread; to extend"],["ひんきゃく","賓客","guest of honour; guest of honor"],["ひんしゅ","品種","type (of goods); sort"],["ひんぱん","頻繁","frequent; incessant"],["びじゅつかん","美術館","art museum; art gallery"],["びちく","備蓄","stocking up (in case of emergency); stockpile"],["びょう","秒","second (unit of time)"],["びょうき","病気","illness (usu. excluding minor ailments, e.g. common cold); disease"],["びょうり","病理","pathology"],["びわこ","琵琶湖","Lake Biwa; Biwako"],["ふあんてい","不安定","instability; insecurity"],["ふい","不意","sudden; abrupt"],["ふう","封","seal"],["ふうかく","風格","personality; style"],["ふうしゅう","風習","custom"],["ふく","拭く","to wipe; to dry"],["ふくいん","復員","demobilization; demobilisation"],["ふくげん","復元","restoration (to the original state or location); reconstruction"],["ふくしょく","服飾","clothing and accessories; attire"],["ふくちょう","復調","recovery; return to form"],["ふくつう","腹痛","stomach ache; abdominal pain"],["ふくらます","膨らます","to swell; to expand"],["ふくろ","袋","bag; sack"],["ふけつ","不潔","unclean; dirty"],["ふこく","布告","edict; ordinance"],["ふせつ","敷設","laying (a railroad, pipes, naval mines, etc.); construction"],["ふぜい","風情","taste; elegance"],["ふたご","双子","twins; twin"],["ふち","縁","rim; brim"],["ふちゃく","付着","sticking to; clinging to"],["ふなびん","船便","surface mail (by ship); sea mail"],["ふりきる","振り切る","to shake off; to shake free from"],["ふりこ","振り子","pendulum"],["ふるう","奮う","to muster (e.g. one's courage); to call forth"],["ふるって","奮って","energetically; strenuously"],["ぶかい","部会","section meeting"],["ぶしゅ","部首","radical (of a kanji character)"],["ぶしょう","無精","indolence; laziness"],["ぶっさん","物産","product"],["ぶっし","物資","goods; materials"],["ぶぶん","部分","portion; section"],["ぶらさがる","ぶら下がる","to hang down (from); to dangle"],["ぶんかい","分解","disassembly; dismantling"],["ぶんかつ","分割","partition; division"],["ぶんけい","文系","humanities, social sciences, and fine arts; liberal arts"],["ぶんけん","分権","decentralization of authority; decentralisation of authority"],["ぶんけん","文献","literature; books (reference)"],["ぶんしん","分身","other self; alter ego"],["ぶんじょう","分譲","selling (real-estate) lots"],["ぶんぼうぐ","文房具","stationery"],["ぶんれつ","分裂","split; division"],["へいこう","並行","going side-by-side; going abreast"],["へいこう","閉口","to be stumped; to be at a loss"],["へいてん","閉店","closing up shop (for the day)"],["へいや","平野","plain; open field"],["へいよう","併用","combined use; using together (with)"],["へこみ","凹み","hollow; cavity"],["へる","経る","to pass; to elapse"],["へん","変","strange; odd"],["へんかん","変換","change; conversion"],["へんこう","変更","change; modification"],["へんちょう","偏重","attaching too much importance to; placing disproportionate emphasis on"],["へんよう","変容","change in appearance; transformation"],["へんれき","遍歴","travels; pilgrimage"],["べいこく","米穀","rice"],["べっこ","別個","another; different"],["べっそう","別荘","holiday house; vacation home"],["べんぎ","便宜","convenience; accommodation"],["べんごにん","弁護人","counsel; defender"],["べんしょう","弁償","compensation; indemnification"],["べんとう","弁当","bento; Japanese box lunch"],["べんぴ","便秘","constipation"],["ほう","砲","gun; cannon"],["ほうがん","包含","inclusion; comprehension"],["ほうこう","奉公","live-in domestic service; live-in apprenticeship"],["ほうじん","法人","corporation; corporate body"],["ほうせき","宝石","gem; jewel"],["ほうたい","包帯","bandage; dressing"],["ほうだん","砲弾","shell; cannonball"],["ほうち","報知","information; news"],["ほうむる","葬る","to bury; to inter"],["ほうる","放る","to throw; to fling"],["ほお","頬","cheek (of the face)"],["ほかに","他に","else; in addition"],["ほくたん","北端","northern extremity"],["ほしい","欲しい","wanting (to have); desiring"],["ほしぞら","星空","starry sky"],["ほじょ","補助","assistance; support"],["ほそる","細る","to get thin; to taper off"],["ほちょうき","補聴器","hearing aid"],["ほっかい","北海","northern sea"],["ほりえ","堀江","canal"],["ほる","掘る","to dig; to excavate"],["ほんかく","本格","original method; original procedure"],["ほんごし","本腰","strenuous effort; earnestness"],["ほんし","本紙","main section (of a newspaper); central column"],["ほんしょう","本省","ministry proper; home office"],["ほんとう","本島","main island"],["ぼうえき","防疫","communicable disease control (e.g. by quarantine, disinfection, etc.); prevention of epidemics"],["ぼうねんかい","忘年会","year-end party; \"forget-the-year\" party"],["ぼうふ","亡夫","deceased husband; late husband"],["ぼうりょく","暴力","violence; mayhem"],["ぼんち","盆地","basin (e.g. between mountains)"],["まいど","毎度","each time; every time"],["まいにち","毎日","every day; daily"],["まえがみ","前髪","forelock; bangs"],["まえがり","前借り","getting an advance (on one's salary)"],["まきじゃく","巻尺","tape measure"],["まぜあわす","混ぜ合わす","to mix together; to blend"],["またす","待たす","to keep (a person) waiting"],["まち","町","town; block"],["まちかねる","待ち兼ねる","to wait impatiently for"],["まっか","真っ赤","bright red; deep red"],["まっさつ","抹殺","elimination (of a person, group, etc.); killing off"],["まっとうする","全うする","to accomplish; to fulfill"],["まつる","祀る","to deify; to enshrine"],["まひ","麻痺","numbness; loss of sensation"],["まほう","魔法","magic; witchcraft"],["まほうつかい","魔法使い","magician; wizard"],["まめちしき","豆知識","trivia; snippet of knowledge"],["まもる","守る","to protect; to guard"],["まるた","丸太","log"],["まわる","廻る","to turn; to rotate"],["まんいち","万一","(unlikely event of) emergency; the worst(-case scenario)"],["まんがか","漫画家","cartoonist; comic book artist"],["まんせき","満席","full house; all seats occupied"],["まんぱい","満杯","full"],["まんめん","満面","the whole face"],["みきりはっしゃ","見切り発車","starting a train (or bus, etc.) before all the passengers are on board"],["みぎうえ","右上","upper right"],["みぎて","右手","right hand"],["みこん","未婚","unmarried; not yet married"],["みすごす","見過ごす","to let go by; to let pass"],["みずから","自ら","oneself"],["みずぐち","水口","spout"],["みずけ","水気","water content; moisture"],["みちのり","道程","distance; journey"],["みつもり","見積もり","estimate; estimation"],["みどころ","見どころ","point worthy of note; good point"],["みのる","実る","to bear fruit; to ripen"],["みぶるい","身震い","shivering (with cold); trembling (with fear)"],["みょう","妙","strange; weird"],["みんしゅしゅぎ","民主主義","democracy"],["みんせい","民政","civil administration; civil government"],["みんぺい","民兵","militia; militiaman"],["むかえる","迎える","to go out to meet; to receive"],["むきめい","無記名","unsigned; unregistered"],["むきん","無菌","sterilised; sterilized"],["むくいる","報いる","to reward; to recompense"],["むくわれる","報われる","to be repaid; to be rewarded"],["むけいぶんかざい","無形文化財","intangible cultural asset"],["むげん","夢幻","dreams; fantasy"],["むげん","無限","infinity; infinitude"],["むさく","無策","lack of policy; having no measures"],["むさべつ","無差別","indiscrimination; without discrimination"],["むしかく","無資格","unqualified; unlicensed"],["むしょう","無償","without compensation; without reward"],["むしょく","無職","without an occupation; unemployed"],["むじゅうりょう","無重量","weightlessness; zero gravity"],["むじゅん","矛盾","contradiction; inconsistency"],["むせいぶつ","無生物","inanimate object"],["むだづかい","無駄遣い","waste (of money, time, etc.); squandering"],["むとうはそう","無党派層","unaffiliated voters; floating voters"],["むね","旨","principle; aim"],["むら","村","village"],["むらさきいろ","紫色","purple; violet"],["むらびと","村人","villager"],["めいがら","銘柄","brand; make"],["めいげつ","名月","harvest moon (trad. 15th day of the 8th lunar month)"],["めがさめる","目が覚める","to wake up; to awake"],["めさき","目先","before one's eyes; under one's nose"],["めじろおし","目白押し","jostling; milling about"],["めだま","目玉","eyeball"],["めつぼう","滅亡","downfall; ruin"],["めもり","目盛り","graduations (on a ruler, thermometer, etc.); gradations"],["めやす","目安","criterion; standard"],["めんじょ","免除","exemption; exoneration"],["めんぜい","免税","tax exemption; duty exemption"],["もうしいれる","申し入れる","to propose; to suggest"],["もうそう","妄想","delusion; wild idea"],["もうら","網羅","encompassing; covering (exhaustively)"],["もくよう","木曜","Thursday"],["もけい","模型","model; dummy"],["もじ","文字","letter (of an alphabet); character"],["もちあじ","持ち味","inherent flavor; inherent flavour"],["もちづき","望月","full moon; moon on the 15th day of the month (by the lunar calendar)"],["もちなおす","持ち直す","to recover; to rally"],["もっか","目下","at present; now"],["もってくる","持ってくる","to bring (something); to take along"],["もっとも","最も","most; extremely"],["もと","元","origin; source"],["もどし","戻し","returning; giving back"],["ものおと","物音","noise; sound"],["ものごし","物腰","manner; demeanour"],["もよおす","催す","to hold (an event); to give (a dinner, party, etc.)"],["もりあがり","盛り上がり","climax; uprush"],["もんか","門下","one's pupil; one's student"],["もんく","文句","complaint; grumbling"],["もんだい","問題","question (e.g. on a test); problem"],["やえ","八重","eightfold; octuple"],["やきん","夜勤","night duty; night shift"],["やごう","野合","illicit union; collusion"],["やすめる","休める","to rest; to suspend"],["やたい","屋台","cart (esp. a food cart); stall"],["やといぬし","雇い主","employer"],["やま","山","mountain; hill"],["やわらか","柔らか","soft; tender"],["やわらぐ","和らぐ","to soften; to calm down"],["ゆうが","優雅","elegant; graceful"],["ゆうこく","夕刻","evening; evening hour"],["ゆうごう","融合","agglutination; adhesion"],["ゆうし","有志","interested person; volunteer"],["ゆうせい","郵政","postal system"],["ゆうめい","有名","famous; well-known"],["ゆけつ","輸血","blood transfusion"],["ゆげ","湯気","steam; vapour"],["ゆび","指","finger; toe"],["よう","様","way to ...; method of ...ing"],["よういん","要員","(necessary) personnel; required person"],["ようがく","洋楽","Western music; European music"],["ようきょく","謡曲","noh song"],["ようしつ","洋室","Western-style room"],["ようする","擁する","to embrace; to hug"],["ようちえん","幼稚園","kindergarten (in Japan, non-compulsory education from age 3 until primary school); preschool"],["ようりょう","要領","point; gist"],["よくじつ","翌日","next day"],["よくねん","翌年","following year"],["よこがき","横書き","writing horizontally; horizontal writing"],["よこはば","横幅","breadth; width"],["よじょう","余剰","surplus; remainder"],["よぼうせっしゅ","予防接種","vaccination; inoculation"],["よみあげる","読み上げる","to read out; to read aloud"],["よりみち","寄り道","dropping in on the way; stopping off at"],["よわめる","弱める","to weaken"],["よんりんしゃ","四輪車","automobile; car"],["らいげつ","来月","next month"],["らく","楽","comfort; ease"],["らっかんてき","楽観的","optimistic; hopeful"],["られつ","羅列","enumeration; citation"],["らん","蘭","orchid"],["らんかん","卵管","fallopian tube; oviduct"],["らんりつ","乱立","standing close together in a disorderly way (of buildings, etc.); standing side by side"],["りきさく","力作","painstaking piece of work; work of great effort"],["りきし","力士","strong man"],["りくろ","陸路","land route; overland route"],["りけん","利権","interest; rights"],["りこうがくぶ","理工学部","faculty of science and engineering; college of science and engineering"],["りそうてき","理想的","ideal"],["りだつ","離脱","withdrawal; secession"],["りふじん","理不尽","unreasonable; irrational"],["りめん","裏面","back (side); reverse"],["りゅうじょう","粒状","granular; granulated"],["りゅうどう","流動","flow"],["りょう","寮","hostel; dormitory"],["りょうけん","猟犬","hound; hunting dog"],["りょうさい","良妻","good wife"],["りょうし","漁師","fisherman"],["りょうて","両手","both hands; both arms"],["りょうりや","料理屋","restaurant"],["りょかく","旅客","passenger"],["りょこうしゃ","旅行者","traveller; traveler"],["りんしょう","臨床","clinical (e.g. pathology, training, trial)"],["るいじ","類似","resemblance; similarity"],["るいすい","類推","analogy"],["れい","例","example; instance"],["れいとう","冷凍","freezing; cold storage"],["れいとうこ","冷凍庫","freezer"],["れっとう","列島","archipelago; chain of islands"],["れっとうかん","劣等感","inferiority complex; sense of inferiority"],["れんきんじゅつし","錬金術師","alchemist"],["れんこう","連行","taking (a suspect to the police); dragging (someone) away"],["れんしょう","連勝","consecutive victories; series of victories"],["れんぞく","連続","continuation; succession"],["ろうか","廊下","corridor; hallway"],["ろうか","老化","ageing; aging"],["ろうじょ","老女","elderly woman"],["ろうじんふくし","老人福祉","welfare for the aged"],["ろうどうしゃ","労働者","worker"],["ろうどうりょく","労働力","labor; labour"],["ろうふうふ","老夫婦","old couple; elderly couple"],["ろうりょく","労力","labour; labor"],["ろじ","路地","alley; alleyway"],["ろてんぶろ","露天風呂","open-air bath; rotenburo"],["ろんこく","論告","prosecutor's closing argument"],["ろんし","論旨","point of an argument; drift of an argument"],["ろんせん","論戦","battle of words; debate"],["ろんちょう","論調","tone (of argument); tenor"],["わかり","分かり","understanding; comprehension"],["わく","枠","frame; framework"],["わたしじしん","私自身","myself"],["わたしたち","私達","we; us"],["わりあてる","割り当てる","to assign; to allot"],["わるさ","悪さ","badness; mean mischief"]]}